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24 January 1502: A "Treaty of Perpetual Peace" is agreed between King James IV of Scotland and King Henry VII of England. The peace turns out to be considerably shorter than "perpetual".
8 August 1503: A "Treaty of Perpetual Peace" with England is followed by the marriage between James IV and Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England at Holyrood. This does little to interrupt James IV's succession of mistresses and illegitimate children.
1503: The death of John MacDonald II, the last Lord of the Isles.
1 July 1505: The Barber Surgeons of Edinburgh are granted a charter by the City Council enabling them to practise surgery within the city. This marks the beginnings of the Royal College of Surgeons.
12 October 1511: The warship Michael, often known as Great Michael, is launched for the navy of King James IV at Newhaven on the River Forth.
10 April 1512: After having three children who die in infancy, Margaret Tudor gives birth to a son, James, who will go on to become King James V.
26 July 1513: King James IV responds to pleas for assistance from France and gives notice to his brother in law, King Henry VIII, that he is going to invade Northumberland.
22 August 1513: The Scottish army crosses the border with England, taking Norham Castle amongst others.
9 September 1513: At the Battle of Flodden, near Coldstream, up to 10,000 Scots are killed, including James IV himself and many Scots nobles. This compares with losses of just 1,700 on the English side. It is a decisive victory for the English and a catastrophe for Scotland. The English King Henry VIII is campaigning in France at the time.
21 September 1513: King James V is crowned at Stirling at the age of just one.
6 August 1514: Margaret Tudor marries Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus who becomes the young James V's stepfather.
25 October 1514: The death in Edinburgh of Bishop William Elphinstone, who founded of the University of Aberdeen, and was a leading statesman in the courts of James III and James IV.
18 February 1515: Gavin Douglas, a younger son of Scottish nobility, is appointed as Bishop of Dunkeld.
May 1515: John, Duke of Albany, son of James III's exiled brother Alexander, accepts the Scottish Parliament's invitation to become Regent in place of Margaret Tudor during James V's childhood. He brings from France, where he has been brought up, French troops and support.
22 November 1515: Marie de Guise was born in France. She would become the Queen Consort of King James V, mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Regent of Scotland.
May 1524: Following a coup d'état, the Duke of Albany returns to France with his supporting troops. This leaves the way clear for Margaret Tudor, mother of James V, to have her son crowned at the age of twelve.
April 1526: James V assumes his full powers at the age of 14, but is taken captive by Margaret Tudor's second - but by now estranged - husband, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus.
6 November 1526: Euphemia Leslie seeks Papal dispensation to become Prioress of Elcho Nunnery near Perth. It is subsequently granted.
29 February 1528: Patrick Hamilton is tried and found guilty for heresy and burned in St Andrews. He is the first of eleven Protestant martyrs in Scotland.
1528: James V escapes his stepfather's clutches and commences his true period of rule. His first act is to exile the Earl of Angus to England and seize his lands.
14 January 1529: After a long legal dispute, Euphemia Leslie secures her position as Prioress of Elcho near Perth.
5 July 1530: King James V imposes order on the bandit country in the Scottish Borders by capturing and hanging Johnnie Armstrong and 50 other border reivers or raiders.
31 August 1535: Alexander Cant is murdered in Edinburgh by his mother-in-law, property owner and businesswoman Alison Rough and her daughter Katherine, in an argument over a dowry.
3 September 1535: Alison Rough is executed in Edinburgh for the murder of her son-in-law.
1 January 1537: Although she is in ill health, James V marries Madeleine, daughter of King Francois of France, in Paris. By July her health has worsened and she dies at Holyrood Palace.
17 July 1537: Janet, Countess of Glamis, and the sister in law of James V's exiled stepfather, the Earl of Angus, is tried on charges including trying to poison the King. She is burned at the stake outside Edinburgh Castle and her - extremely rich - estate is forfeited to James V.
18 May 1538: King James V marries Marie de Guise by proxy at Notre-Dame de Paris.
June 1538: James marries again, to Marie de Guise, adopted sister of Madeleine.
20 December 1538: Archbishop David Beaton is appointed a Cardinal by Pope Paul III.
1540: James V tours the northern and western outposts of his kingdom in a fleet of warships to impose his rule.
22 February 1540: Marie de Guise is crowned Queen Consort of Scotland at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh.
18 October 1541: The death of Margaret Tudor, mother of James V.
24 November 1542: The Scots lose the Battle of Solway Moss, north of Carlisle, intended to stem the warlike moves of James V's uncle, King Henry VIII of England.
8 December 1542: Marie de Guise, gives birth to a daughter, Mary Queen of Scots, at Linlithgow Palace.
14 December 1542: James V dies at Falkland Palace, aged 30.
10 January 1543: Cardinal David Beaton appoints himself Chancellor of Scotland.
March 1543: Cardinal Beaton is imprisoned for allegedly forging James V's will and the Earl of Arran is appointed Governor of Scotland and Regent to Mary Queen of Scots.
1 July 1543: The Treaty of Greenwich is agreed between King Henry VIII of England and the Earl of Arran, providing for the marriage of the then infant Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry's son. It is later repudiated by the Scottish Parliament.
9 September 1543: Mary is crowned Queen of Scots at Stirling Castle, at the age of nine months.
December 1543: The Scottish Parliament believes it better to pursue alliance with France than England and takes advantage of the failure of the English Parliament to ratify the Treaties of Greenwich by repudiating them.
May 1544: Henry VIII commences a period of "rough wooing" designed to impose the marriage of his son to Mary Queen of Scots. Armies invade from the south and from the sea near Edinburgh.
1545: Cross border raids by English forces continue.
27 February 1545: The Battle of Ancrum Moor is fought north-west of Jedburgh between English and Scottish forces as part of the War of the Rough Wooing. The result is a decisive victory for the Scottish.
7 December 1545: The birth at Temple Newsam in Yorkshire of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who would become the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots.
1 March 1546: Cardinal Beaton has the Protestant George Wishart burned at the stake at St Andrews for heresy.
29 May 1546: Protestants break into St Andrews Castle, surprise Cardinal Beaton, murder him, and take over the castle. Their appeals to Henry VIII for support are ignored.
22 November 1547: 3,000 Scottish troops besiege Broughty Castle, overlooking the mouth of the Firth of Tay.
31 July 1547: French naval forces in support of the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots bombard St Andrews Castle and capture the Protestant rebels. These include John Knox, who is sent to become a galley-slave.
10 September 1547: A large English army with naval support meets and soundly beats the Scots at the Battle of Pinkie, a little to the east of Edinburgh. The English move on to occupy Edinburgh, though not its castle. They bombard Dundee, destroying much of it.
1548: Another English army invades, building a major fortification at Haddington, east of Edinburgh.
16 June 1548: A large French army lands at Leith to support the Scots following an agreement that Mary Queen of Scots, still only five, would marry Francois, eldest son of King Henri II of France.
7 July 1548: The Treaty of Haddington is agreed between Scotland and France. Under its terms Mary, Queen of Scots is to marry Dauphin Francis in return for French assistance in ending the siege of Haddington.
29 July 1548: A French fleet rescues Mary Queen of Scots from Dumbarton and returns with her to France.
7 August 1548: Five year-old Mary Queen of Scots sets sail for France to escape Henry VIII's English troops.
Click for Timeline: 1550 to 1600
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