|
||
1 July 1505: The Barber Surgeons of Edinburgh are granted a charter by the City Council enabling them to practise surgery within the city. This marks the beginnings of the Royal College of Surgeons.
1 July 1543: The Treaty of Greenwich is agreed between King Henry VIII of England and the Earl of Arran, providing for the marriage of the then infant Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry's son. It is later repudiated by the Scottish Parliament.
1 July 1690: William of Orange defeats James VII/II at the Battle of the Boyne, north of Dublin in Ireland. James returns to France from Ireland, and the hopes of Scottish Jacobites of his return to Scotland evaporate.
1 July 1731: The birth near Dundee of Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, the admiral in the Royal Navy who defeated the Dutch fleet at the Battle of Camperdown.
1 July 1782: The Act of Proscription is repealed and the kilt and wearing of tartans comes into more general use.
1 July 1832: Formation of the trading company Jardine Matheson by Scots Sir James Matheson and Sir William Jardine.
1 July 1884: Allan Pinkerton, the founder of the Pinkerton Detective Agency and the US Secret Service, dies in Chicago.
1 July 1999: Queen Elizabeth II opens the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. The First Minister of the Scottish Executive, the devolved Scottish Government, is Donald Dewar, who as Secretary of State for Scotland since 1997 had been the architect of devolution.
2 July 1266: In the Treaty of Perth the Norwegians cede the Western Isles and the Isle of Man to the Scots in return for £2,500 and guarantees about future Norwegian rights over Orkney and Shetland.
2 July 1644: The Parliamentary Army, reinforced by the Scottish Covenanters, defeat the Royalists at the Battle of Marston Moor.
2 July 1645: The Marquis of Montrose and the Royalists again defeat the Covenanters at the Battle of Alford, in Aberdeenshire, but this time with considerable loss of life on both sides. Montrose has defeated the Covenanters throughout northern Scotland.
2 July 1938: The death in Edinburgh of Sir John James Burnet, the noted Scottish architect whose work would prove influential in the development of modern architecture in Britain.
3 July 1449: James II takes formal control of his kingdom following his marriage to Marie, niece of the Duke of Burgundy in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh.
3 July 1728: The birth in Kirkcaldy of Robert Adam, the best known of the Adam family of architects.
3 July 1883: The steamer "Daphne" sinks with the loss of 124 lives on the Clyde during its maiden voyage.
4 July 1796: Robert Burns takes up residence at the Brow Inn to seek a cure for what we now know was rhumatic fever. The "cure" comprises drinking the waters of the Brow Well and bathing in the Solway Firth.
4 July 1799: The death of Sir John Anstruther, 2nd Baronet, a Scottish politician and industrialist who served as Member of Parliament for Anstruther Burghs on three occasions and is remembered for his harbour improvements at Pittenweem and the development of coal mining and salt extraction at St Monans.
4 July 1901: The death of Peter Guthrie Tait, a mathematical physicist best known for his joint-authorship of a textbook which defined the science of physics.
4 July 1913: The birth in Tokyo of Oswald Wynd, the novelist who sometimes wrote under the pseudonym "Gavin Black".
5 July 1530: King James V imposes order on the bandit country in the Scottish Borders by capturing and hanging Johnnie Armstrong and 50 other border reivers or raiders.
5 July 1560: The Treaty of Edinburgh is agreed between England and France bringing to an end the siege by English troops of French forces occupying Leith.
5 July 1745: Charles Edwards Stuart sails from France for Scotland with two ships. The Elisabeth, carrying his military supplies and gold, is badly damaged in an encounter with a Royal Navy ship and has to turn back.
5 July 1847: The last mail coach, now redundant because of the advance of the railways, runs between London and Edinburgh.
6 July 1249: King Alexander II dies on the island of Kerrera, in Oban Bay, after a premonition while on board his fleet. The military action dissipates on his death.
6 July 1747: The birth at Arbigland of John Paul Jones, the man who went on to become the first US naval hero of the American Revolution, and in many eyes the father of the US Navy.
6 July 1919: The airship R34, built in Glasgow, lands in the USA after a non-stop flight from East Fortune, near North Berwick.
6 July 1988: The North Sea oil rig, Piper Alpha, explodes, killing 167 men.
7 July 1297: An "official" or nobles' rebellion surrenders to the English at Irvine.
7 July 1307: King Edward I of England dies.
7 July 1548: The Treaty of Haddington is agreed between Scotland and France. Under its terms Mary, Queen of Scots is to marry Dauphin Francis in return for French assistance in ending the siege of Haddington.
7 July 1930: The death of the author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes.
8 July 1296: John Balliol resigns his kingdom to Edward I at Montrose. Edward takes the Stone of Scone back to London after the Scottish nobility have signed their loyalty to him. He appoints the Earl of Surrey as Governor of Scotland.
8 July 1648: The moderate arm of the Covenanters come to a secret agreement with Charles I, now in English custody, and 20,000 Scots move into England at the start of the Second Civil War.
8 July 1823 : The death in Edinburgh of noted portrait painter Sir Henry Raeburn.
9 July 1861: The birth in Glasgow of Sir William Burrell, a shipping magnate who gifted his huge collection of art to Glasgow City Council.
9 July 1867: Scotland's first football club, Queen's Park, is formed.
9 July 1946: The birth in Kirriemuir of Bon Scott, the rock musician best known for being the lead singer and lyricist of Australian hard rock band AC/DC.
10 July 1469: James III, now 18, marries 13 year old Margret of Denmark, Princess of Norway and Denmark and assumes his full powers over Scotland. Part of her dowry is mortgaged against Orkney and Shetland.
10 July 1559: Francis, the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, becomes King Francis II of France.
10 July 1767: The death of Alexander Monro, pioneer of medical education in Edinburgh.
11 July 1274: The birth of the future Robert the Bruce, or Robert I of Scotland at Turnberry Castle.
11 July 1902: Arthur Balfour becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
12 July 1570: The Earl of Lennox, father of Lord Darnley, is appointed Regent with support from Queen Elizabeth.
12 July 1698: The ships of the first Darien expedition sail from Leith with 1,200 settlers, bound for Panama.
12 July 1834: The death in Hawaii of David Douglas, the botanist who gave his name to the Douglas Fir.
13 July 1174: William I is captured by the English at Alnwick while trying to retake Northumbria.
13 July 1249: Alexander III is crowned King of Scotland at the age of 8.
13 July 1807: Henry Benedict Stuart dies in Rome. He is the fourth and final Jacobite to publicly lay claim to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.
14 July 1486: The death in Stirling Castle of Margaret of Denmark, queen of King James III.
14 July 1927: The formal opening of the Scottish National War Memorial in Edinburgh Castle, designed by Sir Robert Lorimer.
15 July 1445: The death of Joan Beaufort, queen consort of King James I and later Regent of Scotland.
15 July 1817: The birth in Sheffield of Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, the railway engineer best known as one of the designers of the Forth Rail Bridge.
15 July 1914: The birth near Port William of Gavin Maxwell, the naturalist and author best known for his work with otters.
16 July 1588: The death of Lady Agnes Keith who had been born into Scottish nobility and briefly became one of the most powerful women in the country.
16 July 1832: A storm catches the Shetland fishing fleet at sea and sinks 31 boats or "sixerns" with the loss of 105 lives.
17 July 1537: Janet, Countess of Glamis, and the sister in law of James V's exiled stepfather, the Earl of Angus, is tried on charges including trying to poison the King. She is burned at the stake outside Edinburgh Castle and her - extremely rich - estate is forfeited to James V.
17 July 1695: The Bank of Scotland is established in Edinburgh.
17 July 1790: The death of Adam Smith, the hugely influential political economist and moral philosopher.
18 July: An annual fair is held in the village of St Boswells in the Scottish Borders.
18 July 1792: The death of John Paul Jones, father of the US Navy.
19 July 1333: The Scots are heavily defeated by Edward III at the Battle of Haildon Hill as they try to relieve Berwick Castle. David II, still a boy, goes to France for safety.
19 July 1654: A Royalist uprising in the Highlands led by the Earl of Glencairn and Major-General John Middleton disintegrates after meeting troops under General Monck at the Battle of Dalnaspidal near Loch Garry.
19 July 1896: The birth of the author A.J. Cronin, one of the most commercially successful Scottish writers of the 20th Century.
20 July 1651: An English Parliamentarian army defeats Scottish royalists at the Battle of Inverkeithing, giving Oliver Cromwell control of the Firth of Forth.
20 July 1793: Sir Alexander Mackenzie completes the first recorded crossing of North America north of Mexico to reach an inlet of the Pacific Ocean in Canada.
20 July 1819: The death in Burntisland of the mathematician and geologist Professor John Playfair, FRSE.
20 July 1889: The birth in Stonehaven of John Reith, who goes on to become 1st Baron Reith and the father of the BBC.
20 July 1912: Andrew Lang, the prolific Scottish historian, translator, journalist, poet, writer, teacher, biographer and anthropologist dies.
21 July 1796: The death in Dumfries of Robert Burns, regarded as Scotland's national poet and an icon who has loomed large in Scottish culture and consciousness ever since.
21 July 1881: 58 fishermen drown off the island of Yell in the Gloup Disaster.
21 July 1998: The death in Dundee of Oswald Wynd, the novelist who sometimes wrote under the pseudonym "Gavin Black".
22 July 1298: William Wallace is badly defeated by Edward I at the Battle of Falkirk, a loss later, possibly unfairly, blamed on the desertion of the Scottish cavalry. Wallace subsequently resigns as Guardian and drops out of sight.
22 July 1650: Oliver Cromwell invades Scotland and proceeds to the eastern edge of Edinburgh. The Scots form a defensive line within the city.
22 July 1680: The radical Presbyterian Richard Cameron attempts to lead an uprising against the King. He is killed by government troops at the Battle of Airds Moss in Ayrshire.
23 July 1637: A riot erupts in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, when when a street-seller called Jenny Geddes thows a stool at the Dean after he tries to use the Book of Common Prayer as newly imposed by King Charles I for use throughout his United Kingdom.
23 July 1745: Charles Edward Stuart lands on Eriskay in the Western Isles.
23 July 1946: The death of James Maxton, the socialist politician who became Chairman of the Independent Labour Party.
24 July 1394: Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, the Wolf of Badenoch dies, according to legend after playing chess with the devil at Ruthven Castle.
24 July 1411: At the Battle of Harlaw, 20 miles north-west of Aberdeen, the highland army of Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles meets the lowland army of Alexander, Earl of Mar, son of the Wolf of Badenoch. At stake is the Earldom of Ross and control of northern Scotland. After an inconclusive day of heavy fighting and heavy casualties, Donald retires to Inverness and Alexander to Aberdeen.
24 July 1567: Lords Ruthven and Lindsay visit Mary Queen of Scots and insist she abdicates immediately or be killed. She abdicates.
25 July 1745: Charles Edward Stuart lands at Loch nan Uamh on the mainland with just eight supporters, no supplies, and no funds.
25 July 1843: The death near Glasgow of Charles Macintosh, the inventor of the waterproof fabric made into garments named after him.
26 July 1513: King James IV responds to pleas for assistance from France and gives notice to his brother in law, King Henry VIII, that he is going to invade Northumberland.
26 July 1820: The Union Chain Bridge across the River Tweed, designed by Captain Samuel Brown and at the time the longest iron suspension bridge in the world, opens to traffic.
26 July 1822: The birth in Stonehaven of Robert William Thomson, best remembered for his invention of the pneumatic tyre.
27 July 1694: William III/II grants a Royal Charter to the Bank of England, set up by Sir William Paterson.
27 July 1689: The leader of Jacobite dissent in Scotland is Viscount Dundee who gathers an army of Highlanders and a few Irish at Blair Castle. As General Mackay moves a government army of lowland troops north from Dunkeld the two sides meet at the Battle of Killiecrankie. The outcome is a victory for the Jacobites, but at a high cost including the death of Viscount Dundee, or "Bonnie Dundee" as he is remembered.
27 July 1681: The Reverend Donald Cargill, who in October 1680 had excommunicated the entire government, is beheaded in Edinburgh.
27 July 1790: The Forth and Clyde Canal is opened to use.
28 July 1909: Harold and Frank Barnwell make Scotland's first heavier than air flight at Causewayhead.
28 July 1934: The German rocket scientist Gerhard Zucker launches a 14kg solid fuel rocket carrying mail from Huisinis on Harris towards its intended destination on the island of Scarp. It explodes on launch.
28 July 1945: The death in London of Margot Asquith, Countess of Oxford & Asquith, who is remembered as a writer, socialite and wit, and wife of Prime Minister Herbert Asquith.
29 July 1548: A French fleet rescues Mary Queen of Scots from Dumbarton and returns with her to France.
29 July 1565: Mary Queen of Scots marries her cousin Lord Darnley in a Catholic wedding.
29 July 1567: One year old Charles James is crowned King James VI of Scotland in a Protestant ceremony in the Church of the Holy Rude, close to Stirling Castle. John Knox preaches a sermon. It is exactly two years since Mary married Darnley.
30 July 1925: The birth in Glasgow of Alexander Trocchi, remembered as a novelist who became a contributor to the "beat generation" in the USA.
30 July 1938: The children's comic "The Beano" is first published.
31 July 1547: French naval forces in support of the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots bombard St Andrews Castle and capture the Protestant rebels. These include John Knox, who is sent to become a galley-slave.
31 July 1786: Robert Burns publishes Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. This collection of verse contains many poems that will later be regarded as classics.
31 July 1889: The death in Edinburgh of Horatius Bonar, a clergyman and writer who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1883.
|
||
